Hydraulic System Design of H Steel 3D CNC Drilling Machine Tool

3H steel installation positioning and processing analysis 3.1 Installation positioning Considering that H steel two wings are required to drill holes, and generally are symmetrical, so the H steel is placed horizontally, as shown. And H should be engaged in the teaching and research of advanced manufacturing technology, hydraulic and pneumatic transmission.
The steel origin and the airfoil are referenced to establish the workpiece coordinate origin. The clamping force is directed toward the airfoil. Ensure the verticality of the two airfoils and the work surface, and the web is in a horizontal position. This installation allows the workpiece to be placed smoothly while reducing the height of the machine. The positioning of the end face of the workpiece is determined by a laser locator.
3.2 Analysis of processing process According to the process analysis, the three-phase asynchronous motor and the synchronous belt are used to directly drive the power head spindle, and the frequency conversion speed is adopted to obtain the required cutting speed. The drilling feed is hydraulically driven. The displacement of the hole group is driven by a stepping motor, and the point control CNC system is used to ensure the accuracy of the hole group positioning size and the dimensional accuracy between the holes. During the processing, after the H steel is hoisted and correctly positioned, the handwheel mechanism is rotated to push the moving fixture to initially clamp the workpiece; the running switch is started, the clamping cylinder drives the clamping block to clamp the workpiece; and starts to press the preset The program is processed and run.
4 Overall structure and hydraulic system principle See the overall structure. According to the above positioning and processing analysis, the overall structure consists of fixed gantry frame, feed table (roller), fixed roller table, fixed column, moving column, fixed fixture, moving fixture, left and right power head, vertical power Head, clamping hydraulic cylinder, etc. The details are as follows: The frame components are mainly used to support the components and to withstand the cutting force.
The feed table (roller), the left and right column, and the beam guide are mainly used to control the position of the hole group and the hole; the ball screw nut mechanism is driven by 4 stepping motors respectively, which drives the displacement of the power head, and the point control CNC system Ensure accurate positioning.
The power head power head is directly driven by the three-phase asynchronous motor, and the required speed is obtained by frequency conversion speed regulation; the cutting feed of the left and right power heads directly pushes the spindle to realize the work advance and rewind through the built-in hydraulic cylinder. The cutting feed of the vertical power head is realized by pushing the vertical power head with an external hydraulic cylinder, which can make the power head realize the functions of fast forward, work forward and fast reverse.
The clamping device clamping device is composed of a fixed fixture, a moving clamp and a clamping hydraulic cylinder; it is mainly used for positioning and clamping of the workpiece.
The hand wheel mechanism is composed of a screw nut and a gear reduction device, and is mainly used to push the position of the moving column adjusting jig and the left power head and the workpiece.
See the hydraulic system principle. After the pump is started, all hydraulic cylinders are in the retracted state. When 1DT is energized, the clamping hydraulic cylinder moves; after the workpiece is clamped, the system pressure rises, YJ moves, so that 2DT is energized, the vertical hydraulic cylinder starts to advance fast; when the moving arm stops the stroke switch, the switch issues a command to make 3DT 4ET and 5Dr are energized at the same time, and the three power heads work at the same time; after the work is finished, the power heads are returned to the original position. The system adopts the volume throttling speed control loop, and the pressure-limited variable vane pump supplies oil, which eliminates the overflow valve and improves the loop efficiency of the system. The left and right cutting power head adopts the one-way speed regulating valve inlet throttle speed regulation, and the two-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve to realize the work advance and retreat. The vertical power head external hydraulic cylinder adopts the two-position two-way solenoid valve to switch and the one-way speed regulating valve in parallel, and the two-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve realizes the power head's fast forward, work forward and fast retreat. The balance of the vertical power head down is achieved by a one-way sequence valve. The clamping of the workpiece adopts two clamping hydraulic cylinders. In order to prevent the influence of clamping on the multi-cylinder movement, the clamping branch is used in the form of a series connection of the pressure reducing valve and the one-way valve to ensure the reliability of the clamping. In order to prevent mutual interference during exercise, a check valve is installed on each branch.
5 Conclusion Because the CNC drilling machine is based on the analysis of the process requirements of H steel drilling, the hydraulic transmission and the numerical control system are organically combined, making full use of the numerical control system, the position control is accurate, the hydraulic system is powerful, and the control is convenient. The advantages are that the machine structure is simple and compact, easy to operate, and fully meets the technical requirements of the machine tool for drilling H steel, so it has good practicability and economy.

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